• What is Material Testing? About Its Types

What is Material Testing? About Its Types

材料試験とは、材料の物理的・化学的・機械的性質を評価することで、その強度、靭性、硬度、耐久性、およびその他の産業用途に必要な特性を把握するための工程です。
材料試験は主に以下の2種類に分類されます:
1. 破壊試験(Destructive Testing:DT)
破壊試験は、材料を意図的に破壊・損傷させることで、その特性(強度、靭性、耐荷重性など)を評価する方法です。
- 引張試験(Tensile Test)
 材料が破断するまでの引張力に対する耐性を測定。主に「引張強さ(UTS)」「応力」「ひずみ」などの値を評価。
- 圧縮試験(Compression Test)
 圧縮力に対する耐性を測定。コンクリートや構造部材などでよく使用されます。
- 曲げ試験(Flexural Test)
 曲げやたわみ応力に対する耐性を評価。
- 衝撃試験(Impact Test)
 急激な衝撃力に対する材料の靭性を評価。主な方法は「Izod Test」「Charpy Test」。
- 硬さ試験(Hardness Test)
 表面に圧子(インデンター)を押し当てて硬さを測定。主な方法には「Rockwell」「Brinell」「Vickers Hardness Tests」があります。
- 疲労試験(Fatigue Test)
 繰り返し荷重による損傷までの耐性を評価。
- クリープ試験(Creep Test)
 高温かつ一定の応力下で長時間かけて発生する変形を測定。
2. 非破壊試験(Non-Destructive Testing:NDT)
非破壊試験は、対象物を損傷させずに材料内部や表面の欠陥を検出する手法で、使用中の部材の品質評価にも適しています。
- 目視検査(VT)
 肉眼またはカメラによって、表面のひび割れや欠陥を確認。
- 浸透探傷試験(PT)
 専用の液体を塗布し、亀裂に浸透させた後、余分な液を拭き取り、UVライトや赤色光で検出。
- 磁粉探傷試験(MT)
 磁性体に磁場と磁粉を適用し、表面や近傍の亀裂を検出。
- 超音波探傷試験(UT)
 高周波の音波を使って、材料内部のき裂や空洞を検出。
- 放射線透過試験(RT)
 X線またはγ線を利用し、材料内部の欠陥を画像で検出。
- 渦電流探傷試験(ET)
 電磁誘導を利用し、金属などの導電性材料の表面欠陥を検出。
材料試験は、使用材料の**品質、安全性、耐久性**を保証するために非常に重要です。破壊試験と非破壊試験の両方を適切に活用することで、材料の選定や重大な故障の防止に貢献します。

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WTM SOLUTION CO., LTD.

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Home electrical appliances / Electronic parts / Transportation equipment

Main 3 Products

Testing Analysis Outsourcing / Machine Parts Sales / Manufacturing and Processing in Future

We provide testing services focused on product evaluation, just like the client's technical department.