Railways are a core infrastructure responsible for mass and high-speed transport, with vehicle manufacturing, infrastructure construction, and operation management system development being the main manufacturing domains. In vehicle manufacturing, material technology, drive and control technology, and interior design are emphasized for lightweighting, increased strength, energy saving, and improved comfort. In the infrastructure sector, the supply of highly reliable components and equipment such as rails, overhead lines, signals, and communication systems, as well as construction technology, are required. Representative services include the design, manufacturing, and sales of Shinkansen and urban railway vehicles, the development and implementation of operation management systems and signal safety systems, and the maintenance and upkeep of vehicles and equipment. In recent years, the development of predictive maintenance, operation optimization, and autonomous driving technologies utilizing IoT and AI has accelerated, and the provision of digital solutions is also expanding. It is an advanced technology-intensive industry that pursues safety, punctuality, and environmental performance, supporting mobility societies both domestically and internationally.