Specialized grinding machines that remove material from metal parts and tools using grinding wheels to achieve precise dimensional accuracy and surface roughness. Includes various grinding machine bodies such as surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, internal grinders, centerless grinders, and tool grinders, as well as models equipped with NC and CNC control systems. Used for finishing automotive parts, bearings, molds, and cutting tools, capable of high-precision machining to micron-level accuracy and mirror finishing. Distinguished from cutting machines by material removal through grinding action using abrasive wheels, specialized for precision machining of hardened materials and carbide alloys after heat treatment.